Pakistan has become one of the most polluted countries, and severe air pollution has severely affected life and travel.

According to data from some monitors in the urban area of Lahore, Gulberg has even recorded an air quality index of 600. You should know that when the air pollution index reaches the level of 250-300, it is necessary for patients with heart and lung diseases, the elderly, and children to stay indoors and maintain a shallow level of activity. With today's exponential expression, all outdoor physical activities should be avoided.

Imran Khalid, Ph.D. in environmental policy, said that in the cooler autumn and winter seasons, the upper layer of warm air blocks the rise of the lower temperature lower layer of cold air, which will lead to the appearance of haze weather Lahore and even Islamabad. This is precisely what we see now.

"Part of the source of air pollution is traffic exhaust. This is because our fuel quality is too poor and motor vehicles lack pollution control measures. Industrial combustion, production, and domestic waste incineration and even brick kilns will also cause pollution due to fuel quality problems." Dr. Khalid is the head of the Environment and Climate Change Group of the Sustainable Development Policy Research Institute in Islamabad.

A research result is worth noting that the primary source of air pollution in Pakistan is in the country.

"Now, for our inferior air quality, many national and provincial laws have been issued, but the enforcement is lacking. We do not have enough monitoring equipment to record real-time air quality data. This makes More and more civil organizations distribute monitors, such as the Pakistan Air Quality Initiative. Also, the US embassy has provided air monitors and displayed them in the embassy and subordinate consulates."

Dr. Khalid pointed out that the Pakistani government lacks the political motivation to adopt the Haze Committee's recommendations or solve the problems raised by people in the climate march.

Data from the "Punjab Emissions Inventory for Various Industries" shows that air pollutants mainly come from the transportation sector, accounting for 43% (the remaining factors are energy, industry, and straw burning). The second and third most important reasons are industry and agriculture, with the proportions are 25% and 20% respectively. Generally speaking, the main factors that cause air pollution and photochemical smog in Pakistan are transportation, industry, and energy, which account for 80% of the causes.

The R smog report jointly issued by the Ministry of Agriculture of Pakistan and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations pointed out that the westerly wind prevails in the local winter, so straw burning in India has no effect on Pakistan's air pollution.

Aisha Raja hopes that people will pay attention to the open letter from the Pakistan Climate Change Immediate Action Team to the Standing Committee of the National Climate Change Conference, which Munaza Hassan leads. The letter pointed out that the Climate Change Conference should be responsible for the issue of refined oil. Since 2004, Pakistan has imposed a "fuel purification tax" of hundreds of billions of rupees, but the fuel has not reached the European Phase IV standard.

Pakistan's air pollution control measures

1. Use various dust collectors to remove smoke and other industrial specks of dust.

2. Use gas scrubbers to treat harmful gases (alkaline solutions such as sodium carbonate absorb sulfur dioxide in exhaust gas; alkaline absorbents treat nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas).

3. Use other physical methods (such as condensation), chemical methods (such as catalytic conversion), biological and chemical methods (such as molecular sieve, activated carbon adsorption, membrane separation) to recover valuable substances in the exhaust gas, or make harmful gases harmless.