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XC-01
XICHENG
SO₂ (sulfur dioxide) is a major air pollutant emitted from industries like power plants, metallurgy, chemical production, and cement manufacturing. An SO2 Gas Scrubber (wet scrubber) is the most common solution for efficient removal. Below is a detailed breakdown of its design, working principle, and applications.
| Technology | Mechanism | Efficiency | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wet Scrubber | Uses alkaline solution (NaOH, Ca(OH)₂) to absorb SO₂ → Forms sulfite/sulfate | 90-99% | High efficiency, cost-effective | Produces wastewater/sludge |
| Dry Scrubber | Injects dry sorbent (CaO, NaHCO₃) to react with SO₂ → Dry powder byproduct | 70-90% | No wastewater, simple operation | Higher chemical consumption |
| Adsorption | Uses activated carbon/zeolite to capture SO₂ → Regeneration required | 60-80% | Good for low-concentration SO₂ | High maintenance cost |
| Biological Method | Microorganisms oxidize SO₂ into sulfate | 50-70% | Eco-friendly, low energy use | Slow, requires large space |
| Component | Material | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Tower Body | PP, FRP, or 316L Stainless | Resists corrosion from acidic SO₂ and alkaline solutions |
| Spray Nozzles | Ceramic/SiC | Evenly distributes scrubbing liquid (NaOH/Ca(OH)₂) |
| Packing Material | PP/PVC Raschig Rings | Increases gas-liquid contact area for better absorption |
| Demister | PP/Stainless Steel | Removes liquid droplets from cleaned gas before emission |
| Circulation Tank | PP/FRP with Lining | Stores and recycles scrubbing solution |
SO2+2NaOH→Na2SO3+H2O(Sodium sulfite)SO2+2NaOH→Na2SO3+H2O(Sodium sulfite)Na2SO3+½O2→Na2SO4(Sodium sulfate, less harmful)Na2SO3+½O2→Na2SO4(Sodium sulfate, less harmful)
Alternative: Using limestone slurry (Ca(OH)₂) → Forms CaSO₃ (gypsum sludge).
| Parameter | Optimal Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Liquid-to-Gas Ratio | 3-10 L/m³ | Higher ratio improves absorption but increases wastewater |
| pH of Scrubbing Liquid | 8-11 (Alkaline) | Maintained with NaOH/Ca(OH)₂ dosing |
| Residence Time | 2-5 seconds | Longer contact time = higher SO₂ removal |
| Pressure Drop | 500-2000 Pa | Depends on packing density and gas flow |
Method: Wet limestone scrubbing (produces gypsum for construction).
Efficiency: >95% SO₂ removal.
Method: NaOH wet scrubber (compact, high-efficiency).
Challenge: High SO₂ concentration (requires multi-stage scrubbing).
Method: Semi-dry spray absorption (Ca(OH)₂ + bag filter).
Advantage: No wastewater, but lower efficiency (~85%).
✅ Daily Checks
Monitor pH of scrubbing liquid (automated dosing preferred).
Inspect nozzles & packing material for clogging.
✅ Monthly Maintenance
Clean demister pads to prevent pressure buildup.
Check pump & piping for corrosion/leaks.
✅ Waste Management
Wet scrubbers: Treat wastewater (neutralize pH, remove solids).
Dry scrubbers: Dispose of or recycle spent sorbent.
Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD): Recycling wastewater into reusable water.
AI-Based Control: Real-time adjustment of chemical dosing for optimal SO₂ removal.
Hybrid Systems: Combining wet + dry scrubbing for higher efficiency.
For high-efficiency SO₂ removal, wet scrubbers (NaOH/Ca(OH)₂) are the best choice in most industrial applications. Dry scrubbers are suitable where water usage is restricted. Always consider corrosion-resistant materials (PP/FRP/316L) and local environmental regulations when selecting a system.
SO₂ (sulfur dioxide) is a major air pollutant emitted from industries like power plants, metallurgy, chemical production, and cement manufacturing. An SO2 Gas Scrubber (wet scrubber) is the most common solution for efficient removal. Below is a detailed breakdown of its design, working principle, and applications.
| Technology | Mechanism | Efficiency | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wet Scrubber | Uses alkaline solution (NaOH, Ca(OH)₂) to absorb SO₂ → Forms sulfite/sulfate | 90-99% | High efficiency, cost-effective | Produces wastewater/sludge |
| Dry Scrubber | Injects dry sorbent (CaO, NaHCO₃) to react with SO₂ → Dry powder byproduct | 70-90% | No wastewater, simple operation | Higher chemical consumption |
| Adsorption | Uses activated carbon/zeolite to capture SO₂ → Regeneration required | 60-80% | Good for low-concentration SO₂ | High maintenance cost |
| Biological Method | Microorganisms oxidize SO₂ into sulfate | 50-70% | Eco-friendly, low energy use | Slow, requires large space |
| Component | Material | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Tower Body | PP, FRP, or 316L Stainless | Resists corrosion from acidic SO₂ and alkaline solutions |
| Spray Nozzles | Ceramic/SiC | Evenly distributes scrubbing liquid (NaOH/Ca(OH)₂) |
| Packing Material | PP/PVC Raschig Rings | Increases gas-liquid contact area for better absorption |
| Demister | PP/Stainless Steel | Removes liquid droplets from cleaned gas before emission |
| Circulation Tank | PP/FRP with Lining | Stores and recycles scrubbing solution |
SO2+2NaOH→Na2SO3+H2O(Sodium sulfite)SO2+2NaOH→Na2SO3+H2O(Sodium sulfite)Na2SO3+½O2→Na2SO4(Sodium sulfate, less harmful)Na2SO3+½O2→Na2SO4(Sodium sulfate, less harmful)
Alternative: Using limestone slurry (Ca(OH)₂) → Forms CaSO₃ (gypsum sludge).
| Parameter | Optimal Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Liquid-to-Gas Ratio | 3-10 L/m³ | Higher ratio improves absorption but increases wastewater |
| pH of Scrubbing Liquid | 8-11 (Alkaline) | Maintained with NaOH/Ca(OH)₂ dosing |
| Residence Time | 2-5 seconds | Longer contact time = higher SO₂ removal |
| Pressure Drop | 500-2000 Pa | Depends on packing density and gas flow |
Method: Wet limestone scrubbing (produces gypsum for construction).
Efficiency: >95% SO₂ removal.
Method: NaOH wet scrubber (compact, high-efficiency).
Challenge: High SO₂ concentration (requires multi-stage scrubbing).
Method: Semi-dry spray absorption (Ca(OH)₂ + bag filter).
Advantage: No wastewater, but lower efficiency (~85%).
✅ Daily Checks
Monitor pH of scrubbing liquid (automated dosing preferred).
Inspect nozzles & packing material for clogging.
✅ Monthly Maintenance
Clean demister pads to prevent pressure buildup.
Check pump & piping for corrosion/leaks.
✅ Waste Management
Wet scrubbers: Treat wastewater (neutralize pH, remove solids).
Dry scrubbers: Dispose of or recycle spent sorbent.
Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD): Recycling wastewater into reusable water.
AI-Based Control: Real-time adjustment of chemical dosing for optimal SO₂ removal.
Hybrid Systems: Combining wet + dry scrubbing for higher efficiency.
For high-efficiency SO₂ removal, wet scrubbers (NaOH/Ca(OH)₂) are the best choice in most industrial applications. Dry scrubbers are suitable where water usage is restricted. Always consider corrosion-resistant materials (PP/FRP/316L) and local environmental regulations when selecting a system.
| | N0.34 Zhenxing Road (Shengtaian Heavy Industrial Park B), Loucun, Guangming New Dist, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China |
| | +86 18028775826 |
| | Leyte@china-xicheng.com |